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Regulatory Bodies

BBFC - The  British Board of Film Classification  ( BBFC ), previously the  British Board of Film Censors , is a  non-governmental organisation , founded by the film industry in 1912. It's responsible for the national classification and censorship of  films  exhibited at cinemas and video works (such as  television programmes ,  trailers ,  adverts ,  public Information /campaigning films, menus, bonus content etc.) released on physical media within the United Kingdom. The BBFC controls all the rating of films; for example This Is England was intended to be a 15 by the director but it did not match BBFC guidelines and therefore it was registered an 18, making it unwatchable for a majority of viewers even though the director wanted This Is England to be an example for young people not to follow and accessible for a young age. IPSO - IPSO is the largest independent regulator of the newspaper and magazine industry in the UK and e...

Media Task

The Dark Knight Released 2008 In 2005, the BBFC rated The Dark Knight The rating of The Dark Knight has never changed The BBFC came up with this rating because of the implied threat of the Joker and Batman even though no extensive blood or gore is actively displayed. A key example of this is when the Joker performs a “magic trick” by driving a pencil into the eye of a man. Though the pencil is never seen entering the eye nor is any blood shown, this is the prime example of the film’s threat It’s rating has never changed throughout its cinema runtime and DVD release  The Evil Dead Released 1981  It was originally an X rating  It was changed to an 18 rating  The BBFC decided on this rating because of the strong, bloody violence within the film, specifically in the scene when a woman is held down by a haunted tree and it's branches penetrate her vagina, effectively raping her The rating was changed 13 years later after its film release 

Contrapuntal and Parallel Sound

Parallel sound is sound in film that relates to the occurring scene whilst contrapuntal is sound that contrasts to the scene. 1. A swelling song about love with an upbeat tone to reflect the happiness of the characters such as Elvis Presley's "Can't Help Falling In Love". 2. Led Zeppelin's "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" because it's the story of how the lead singer went on walks with his dog in the countryside. - Breathing in a gas mask - EKG beeps - Ethereal whispers of the dead - Flash of a camera - Pen scribbling - Distorted soundtrack - Short note during a jumpscare
Sound in film-making: “Sound” refers to everything we hear in the film Types of Sound: -Diegetic sound -Non-diegetic sound   -Parallel sound -Contrapuntal sound The important thing to remember is that whilst you as a viewer might not consider some of these sounds to be that important. Non-diegetic sound -Red's narration -The brewing instrumental build -Incidental music Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film: -Voices of characters

Types of Shots

Wideshots establish a location to develop a sense of scale and the relationship of the character to the background. Good for stunts Wide shot is used to see the character from head to toe and communicate a sense of loneliness and isolation. Creates a link between subject and background.  Medium shot gives detail to the subject and provides this to the audience with mise-en-scene which we wouldn't get with wide shots. Mid shot shows characters interacting with background and each other. Mise en scene - body language. Close-up so we can see every detail of the subject's face. Highlights particular facial features. Extreme close-up completely fills the frame with the actor's face and usually cuts off at the forehead and has the most emphasis on details. Bird's eye view is an objective for psychological and emotional distance of the scene so we look at something from an outsider and abstract viewpoint. Worm's eye view makes subjects seem more powerful and ...

High-Key Lighting/Low-Key Lighting

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In this scene of Harry Potter, high-key lighting is used in the background of King's Cross Station behind the characters Harry and Dumbledore to mimic a heavenly aura; the connotations of the lighting use in this situation is to trick the viewers into thinking that Harry has been killed and has entered the afterlife with his deceased professor. The scene is visually a complete contrast with the rest of the movie which has been completely dark and low-key. In this scene of 500 Days of Summer, high-key lighting is used to accentuate the main characters and signify their emotions in the moment - due to the lighting they are the central focus of the still with the background of buildings distorted and barely visible. This is used to signify the characters feelings to one another and how they're the only thing that matters in each others perspective. Also, the bright background connotes the characters feelings of euphoria and the sense that they are on the top of the world, signif...

Cinematography

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Lighting in audio-visual media is sometimes considered as part of the cinematography and sometimes as part of the mise en scene, this is why we are starting with the lighting. There are two aspects of lighting we need to cover and these are the technical aspects of lighting. Where we look at how particular lighting effects are achieves by the cinematographer. And the analytical aspect of lighting where we look at the effects the lighting has and look for meaning within its use.   The main point of the 4 point lighting system is to stimulate "natural" light and to replicate the lighting of any given location. When you start to remove, add or play when the intensity of the lights then you get lighting that is created for a particular purpose. Low-Key Lighting  Eliminated fill light Much bigger contrast between light and dark Create mood/tension High Key Lighting Bright surrounding light Does not create emotion/tension Does highlight colours, especially bright ...